The Film Thickness Effect on The Physical Properties of NiO Thin Films Elaborated by Sol-gel Method

In this work, nickel oxide (NiO) was elaborated on glass substrate at by sol-gel technique. The NiO thin films were prepared with 0.8 M Ni(NO3)2 6H2O annealed at 600 °C for 2 h. The coating process was repeated for 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 times to obtain a thin film, which corresponded to 124, 137, 143, 147 and 166 nm of film thickness. NiO thin films were observed as nanocrystalline with cubic structure at 166 nm with (111) and (200) peaks were observed. All NiO thin films have an average transmittance of about 80 % in the visible region. The NiO thin films have a variety in the band gap energy from 3.87 to 3.94 eV. Because of the effect of deposition times, the minimum value was found at 166 nm where this condition has the highest Urbach energy. The NiO thin films have an electrical conductivity which was increased from 7.94 x10-3 to 84x10-3 (Ω.cm)-1 when film thickness increases from 124 to 137 nm. In the end, the electrical measurements were investigated by the four-point method, with the results show good electrical conductivity at 166 nm

Evaluation study of the Arabic language book (second generation) for the first primary school from the teachers’ point of view

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقويم كتاب اللغة العربية (الجيل الثاني)للطور الأول ابتدائي من وجهة نظر الأساتذة، وقد استخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي،  واستخدمت استبيان من إعدادها من قبل الباحثة وتم حساب صدقها وثباتها، طبقت على عينة قوامها 59 معلما ومعلمة تم اختيارها بالطريقة العشوائية،  بابتدائيات المقاطعة السابعة لولاية الجلفة وقد توصلت للنتائج التالية: مستوى تقديرات الأساتذة لتقويم كتاب اللغة العربية (الجيل الثاني) للطور الأول ابتدائي مقبولا في بعد الإخراج الفني وبعد التقويم بينما كان متوسطا في بعد محتوى كتاب اللغة العربية وخصوصية اللغة بينما في المستوى الأخير لغة الكتاب. لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين مستوى تقديرات أساتذة اللغة العربية لجودة كتاب اللغة العربية (الجيل الثاني) للطور الأول ابتدائي تعزى لمتغير الجنس.This study aimed at evaluating the Arabic language textbook (the second generation) for the first classes of primary education from the perspective of teachers. The researcher followed the descriptive approach. She used a questionnaire of her own design. The research sample of this study included 59 male and female teachers who were randomly selected from primary schools of the seventh district of Djelfa. The study concluded the following results: The teachers evaluated the textbook (2nd generation) of first classes of primary school as acceptable regarding the graphical design and the evaluation dimension. But the texbook had an average evaluation concerning the contents and in the last order the language of the textbook. There are no statistically significant differences linked to gender between male and female teachers participating in this study. Keywords: evaluation, Arabic language textbook, second generation, first class of primary schoo

Risk Taking Behavior of Investors of Pakistan

Consistent with models of risk return, we indicate that risk-taking behavior in the context of investment is affected by the risk of self-attitudes, and perceptions of risk and return expectations. Analysis of the determinants of financial risk with the behavior is also important for practitioners. This applies in particular because of the implementation of the markets of financial instruments directive. One implication of our study is that objective measures of risk, such as historical volatility and return, are not able to determine the risk-taking behavior almost as well as subjective measures, the risk perceptions and self-return, especially the historical returns seems to be a poor indicator of risk-taking behavior. Moreover, we find substantial differences between the self-perceptions of risk is inferred from the interval estimates and inferred from those of the Likert scales. Our results also indicate that, in line with theoretical models, behavioral biases such as overconfidence and excessive optimism significantly affect risk behavior. Those investment advisers can try to incorporate some of these results in the consultative processes to correct the erroneous beliefs of investors. This can be achieved through the strengthening of the patch from the financial literacy of clients as well as showing them that their investment is required is probably more serious than originally envisaged by them. We also find evidence of the expanding scope of content in the privacy of our data. Determinants of risk-taking behavior differ not only between the two areas of content and very clear, but even in the field of investments

Effectiveness of pheromone traps against Tuta absoluta

International audienceIn the Tunisian south, the heated greenhouses are an important axis of development of agriculture thanks to the big geothermal potential of this zone. Currently, this sector suffers from several phytosanitary problems. In the last years, a new insect, Tuta absoluta, threaten the cultures of cultivated tomatoes in heated greenhouses. To improve control of T. absoluta, the effectiveness of pheromone traps (associated or not with a source of light) and luminous traps (associated or not with water, with limed buckets for limed covers) were compared. The results show that the traps with pheromones significantly catch more adults of T. absoluta compared to all the other types of traps (average number of trapped adults of T. absoluta = 73.4 (± 142)). The luminous traps associated with water, with limed buckets as with limed covers show, as for them, an intermediate effectiveness. In spite of this slightly less effectiveness, the luminous traps have the advantage of low costs of production as well as the advantage of simultaneously capturing males and females of T. absoluta. ; Peer reviewe

An Artificial Neural Network for Solar Energy Prediction and Control Using Jaya-SMC

In recent years, researchers have focused on improving the efficiency of photovoltaic systems, as they have an extremely low efficiency compared to fossil fuels. An obvious issue associated with photovoltaic systems (PVS) is the interruption of power generation caused by changes in solar radiation and temperature. As a means of improving the energy efficiency performance of such a system, it is necessary to predict the meteorological conditions that affect PV modules. As part of the proposed research, artificial neural networks (ANNs) will be used for the purpose of predicting the PV system’s current and voltage by predicting the PV system’s operating temperature and radiation, as well as using JAYA-SMC hybrid control in the search for the MPP and duty cycle single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) that supplies a DC motor. Data sets of size 60538 were used to predict temperature and solar radiation. The data set had been collected from the Department of Systems Engineering and Automation at the Vitoria School of Engineering of the University of the Basque Country. Analyses and numerical simulations showed that the technique was highly effective. In combination with JAYA-SMC hybrid control, the proposed method enabled an accurate estimation of maximum power and robustness with reasonable generality and accuracy (regression (R) = 0.971, mean squared error (MSE) = 0.003). Consequently, this study provides support for energy monitoring and control

Experience with Renal Autotransplantation: Typical and Atypical Indications

Introduction and Objectives. Renal autotransplantation is a kidney-saving surgical procedure used in selected patients. The purpose of this report is to review nine typical and atypical indications for kidney autotransplantation and evaluate its effectiveness in maintaining kidney function and avoiding cancer recurrence. Materials and Methods. From 1999 till 2014, nine renal autotransplantations were performed in our center. A retrospective case review was done. Four of nine patients had a solitary functioning kidney. Typical indications for autotransplantation included extended ureteric disease in 5 patients, intrasinusal tumor on a solitary kidney in 1 patient, and renal artery aneurysm in 1 patient. Atypical indications consisted in bilateral urothelial tumors in 1 patient and interrupted live kidney transplantation in 1 patient. Mean cold ischemia time was 209 minutes. Demographic factors, indications, renal function before and after surgery, and in the long term, cancer recurrence and disease-free survival were evaluated. Results. Renal function was maintained in 8 patients during the early follow-up. No serious complications occurred in the postoperative period. Median duration of follow-up was 50 months. In 4 patients with a normal contralateral kidney, mean preoperative and at discharge creatinine clearance were 105.45 ml/min and 121.02 ml/min, respectively. Although values showed an improvement in the kidney function, the difference was not significant (p value 0.3). In the other 4 patients with a solitary kidney, mean discharge creatinine clearance was 99.24 ml/min surprisingly higher than the preoperative value 96.92 ml/min. At the last follow-up, kidney function was preserved for the two groups (normal contralateral kidney/solitary kidney) with relatively stable creatinine clearance values: 108.45 ml/min and 85.9 ml/min, respectively. No patients required secondary dialysis. Conclusion. Renal autotransplantation is a rare, safe, and effective surgical procedure for the treatment of complex urologic conditions. In some instances, it may be of great utility for kidney salvage in some carefully selected patients

Comparison of the effectiveness of the most used chemicals against Tuta absoluta in Tunisia

Control failures with several chemicals have prompted research into the resistance status of Tuta absoluta and the effectiveness of certain active ingredients against this pest. In this context, a comparison was made of the effectiveness of the most widely used chemicals against T. absoluta in Tunisia. The results show that the L1 larval stage of Tuta absoluta is very sensitive to all of the chemicals tested. Stage L2 is sensitive to Spinosad, indoxacarb and emactin, while Bacillus thuringiensis, martine do not cause 50% mortality. L3 stage mortality fluctuates between 20% and 80% mortality. The L4 stage is more affected by the treatment with Bacillus thuringiensis which can go to 100%. Based on these results, chemical treatments should be directed according to the dominant larval stage in the plants

Diagnostic Accuracy of Tympanometry for Diagnosis of Fluid the Middle Ears of Children with Otitis Media with Effusion staking Myringotomy as Gold Standard

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of tympanometry for diagnosing fluid in the middle ears of children with Otitis Media with Effusion taking myringotomy as a gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of ENT & Head and Neck Surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar Pakistan, from Oct 2018 to Sep 2020. Methodology: A total of 201 patients who underwent tympanometry followed by myringotomy of aged between 3 to 12 years of either gender were included. All patients underwent tympanometry. After that, myringotomy was carried out through a radial incision in the anteroinferior quadrant using a general inhalational anaesthetic agent. The operative findings at myringotomy were recorded. The presence of fluid on intraoperative findings using myringotomy was considered positive for the presence of fluid in the middle ears of children. Results: The age range of the patients was from 3-12 years, with a mean age of 7.35±2.41 years. Of these 207 patients,133(64.18%) were males, and 74(35.82%) were females. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of tympanometry for diagnosis of fluid in the middle ears of children with Otitis Media with Effusion taking myringotomy as the gold standard was 85.7%, 86.3%, 89.4%, 81.7% and 85.9% respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that the diagnostic accuracy of tympanometry for the diagnosis of fluid in the middle ears of children with Otitis Media with Effusion is quite high